Wanting to be louder and then not be louder still when you slap is not possible without 'compression' of some kind.
You could modify your technique to bring up your regular volume and slap more gently. Good luck with that.
You could find a compressor that catches transients while not destroying tone.
You could find a tube amp with just the right natural compression at the volume you want. Good luck with that.
You want compression that sounds like you want it to sound. You can either disappear down the compression rabbit hole or learn to do it with your fingers.
At low volume your slap sounds are less bassy to the ear (Fletcher Munson). The extra HF in the slap is welcomed. Everything is coming out uncompressed. Life is good.
The slapped bass overdriving the preamp is your problem? You turn down the input gain and turn up the loud knob. What happens then? Turn down some of the bass EQ!
With any luck your 4 ohm cab can be reconfigured as 16ohm for it to use the 16ohm tap.
I would be leery of a single driver being expected to cope with the beast.
You are probably correct but without the whole story it's impossible to know. Any number of misfortunes could have befallen a family member and not made public. It could be a bigger than usual bump in the road.
The 10th anniversary jam was a night not to be missed. Two whole drumsets bass rigs etc etc so no breaks and an unholy all-in jam for the last hour.
I am not familiar with older stuff.
Presumably there is an fx loop. On mine it is a parallel loop but I think your is in series.?
Quite possible you can insert a patch cable onto it and all will be well.
The old insert contacts can get corrosion between them breaking the signal at the loop.
If it's a parallel loop you want to turn it all the way off and insert the cable for good measure.