Well technically people have been playing 41" scale double basses for centuries, so people could probably cope with 41" scale double basses, but it is a question of comfort as well as technique. I use and play a 3/4 size double bass (the standard size) using Simandl fingering, so I can play longer scales.
Having said that, I owned a Dingwall Combustion (34-37" scale) for a few years, and part-traded it with colgraff on this very forum for his Dingwall Super J (32-35" scale) which was much more comfortable for me, even though the string spacing was wider (19" vs 18"). I do have some wrist and tendon issues which force proper technique etc even on guitar with barre chords, but shorter scales definitely help.
Neck preferences are really funny things and depend on the length of your fingers, size of hand and length of your span among other things. I've just found that for ME, I don't get on with 35" scale basses. Anthony Jackson likes his 36" scale Fodera. And that's fine!